How to Trust Your Employees in Hybrid Remote Work

How to Trust Your Employees in Hybrid Remote Work

Employees no longer work solely in the office, and companies need to adapt their organisational and management models to teleworking, to put trust at the heart of collaboration.

Hybrid telework: the fragmentation of the office.

Remote work, whether partial or complete, has profoundly transformed employees’ relationship with work and the organizational structures of companies. Even though 47% of French companies had adopted remote work by 2023 (source: INSEE), its implementation and especially its sustainability are still in question today.

Indeed, the diversification of work locations marks a break from the traditional model where all employees gathered in a defined office space. With hybrid remote work, the office extends to various locations, impacting the way teams are managed. In this context, some companies struggle to adapt and to trust their teams for successful remote collaboration.

Three main axes to improve trust

Training in best practices for remote work

If its implementation is not supported, remote work can lead to difficulties for employees and, in the long run, result in failures.

Horaires et flexibilité 

Remote work introduces a certain degree of freedom for employees. Working from home allows them to take more regular breaks or even adjust their schedules to fit their family life. This flexibility is valued in some companies that practice remote work, as it promotes a better work-life balance for employees. Consequently, employees enjoy a certain level of autonomy in completing their tasks, far removed from the pitfalls of presenteeism in the office.

In this context, to strengthen trust between managers and employees regarding this aspect, the first step is to clearly communicate, from the beginning of the collaboration, the norms regarding working hours and how flexible these are. These norms can be shared in the form of a general information sheet about the organization or in a welcome booklet provided during onboarding. Once these are understood, more personalized discussions can take place to adapt these measures according to the needs and constraints of each individual. The objective is to clarify the subject to avoid misunderstandings and frustrations.

Cyber Hygiene

Trust in hybrid remote work also involves adhering to security rules. As cyber threats affect many sectors, especially leading up to major events, cybersecurity must be one of the essential aspects to consider in remote work. Training and awareness on the subject are indispensable, particularly on:

  • Internet connection security and VPN
  • Password management and authentication methods
  • Phishing, ransomware, and other common cyberattacks
  • The use of personal devices or BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
  • Protection of IT equipment at home and on the move
  • Or the use of secure software (against shadow IT)


However, IT security and hygiene rules must also be clearly defined. For example:

  • Never connect to public Wi-Fi networks,
  • Do not download software or applications not approved by the IT department,
  • And do not connect external devices to your professional equipment (USB keys, hard drives, etc.).

Discover the 5 tips from Julien, System and Security Administrator, to secure remote work.

Maintaining the Connection with Teams

The manager’s role is crucial for the success of teams in a hybrid remote work environment. To maintain the connection, frequent video conferences or calls can prove counterproductive and stressful for employees. The hybrid manager should maintain regular communication while promoting accountability. These two aspects will facilitate mutual trust with employees and prevent isolation and disengagement.

To achieve this, develop a culture of feedback by encouraging employees to provide regular feedback on their work. This helps foster spontaneous exchanges while contributing to continuous improvement.

Find out more about hybrid management

Deploy the Right Video Collaboration Tools


Certain video collaboration tools ensure the continuity of the office environment, regardless of where the employees are located.


This is the case with the Tixeo solution, which allows teams to work and interact in a virtual open space. In the form of bubbles, employees can see each other and work quietly on their own. To chat with a colleague or hold a meeting, a simple click on one or more colleagues’ bubbles is enough. The result: better communication between teams and improved trust.

Discover Tixeo virtual open-space

Contre le « bossware »


Due to a lack of trust in their employees, some companies resort to using “bossware.” Installed on the workstation, this spyware collects a maximum amount of data on the worker’s activity, providing an overview of their productivity.

Heavily used since the widespread adoption of remote work in 2020, these types of software are now being enhanced with the integration of AI modules. However, their use can harm the respect for privacy and personal data of employees, especially if the employees are not informed about their usage.

It is therefore preferable to implement processes and management methods that create a climate of trust at work rather than using software that could damage the professional relationship.

The success of hybrid remote work corresponds to the level of trust placed in the employee. The more the employee feels valued, the more likely they are to grow and invest in the organization. For nearly 10 years, Tixeo has been betting on trust to develop its 100% remote collaboration model.


FAQ :

What is hybrid remote work?

Hybrid remote work combines remote and in-person work. Employees alternate between working from home and the office, transforming traditional organizational models.

How can trust be strengthened in hybrid remote work?

It is essential to train employees on best practices for remote work, maintain regular communication, and use suitable collaboration tools like Tixeo.

Why is it important to train employees for remote work?

Proper training reduces obstacles, improves productivity, and strengthens trust by clarifying expectations and the flexibility allowed by remote work. Additionally, training addresses good IT security practices and reduces the risk of cyberattacks.

What are the security challenges associated with hybrid remote work?

Cyber threats require comprehensive and specific measures for remote workers, such as using VPNs, multi-factor authentication, good password management, and awareness of phishing risks.

How can employee isolation be avoided in remote work?

Maintain regular interactions without being intrusive, encourage feedback, and use video collaboration tools to create an interactive virtual workspace and strengthen the connection between employees.

Why should the use of spyware (“bossware”) be avoided?

Spyware can violate employee privacy and degrade trust between employees and management. It is better to adopt management practices that emphasize transparency, autonomy, and responsibility.

What is trust in a company, and what are its key elements?

Trust in a company is based on three fundamental elements: performance measurement, autonomy, and regular communication between the employee, their team, and their manager.

What are the pillars of trust identified by Harvard Business Review?

The three pillars of trust are: positive relationships, recognized expertise, and consistency. Managers must establish reliable relationships, fairly evaluate performance, and be consistent in their actions and decisions for their team.

How can companies establish a climate of trust for remote work?

Companies should:

• Measure performance based on results rather than hours worked
• Avoid excessive employee monitoring, especially through constant calls
• Focus on achieved objectives
• Support employees through skill development and regular feedback

To find out more :

Teleworking: 3 ways to improve productivity

What is Hybrid Management?

What is Hybrid Management?

With the rise of hybrid telecommuting, managers have had to adapt their practices to meet the new needs of their teams. Balancing increased autonomy with maintaining team cohesion, here are the key characteristics of hybrid management.

Originating from Hybrid Telecommuting

The Generalization of the In-Person and Remote Mix

The shift to partial or full telecommuting has disrupted traditional organizational structures. Today, hybrid telecommuting has become the norm, with about 47% of French companies adopting some form of telecommuting in 2023. Employees now blend office days with remote work, which significantly impacts the management of hybrid teams.

Adapting Managers

In-person, within open spaces, managers enjoy “direct” communication ease with their teams and have spaces within the company to meet. But hybrid telecommuting pushes the boundaries of the office and diversifies communication modes. It can also lead to work desynchronization, allowing employees to choose their schedules, workplace, or even time zone for “digital nomads.” Managers need to become more agile and rethink their methods to stay connected with their teams.

Key Characteristics of Hybrid Management

Fostering Mutual Trust

Trust, a generally valued trait in the workplace, becomes even more crucial in the context of hybrid management. Distance created by regular or occasional telecommuting necessitates building a genuine climate of trust through recognition acts like delegation, autonomy, and project management, which value employees and enhance their engagement. For employees alternating between in-person and remote work, feeling this trust daily positively impacts their well-being and allows them to work calmly.

Conversely, overly intrusive management with incessant video calls is counterproductive. Lack of trust generates stress and can question an employee’s abilities, potentially leading to burnout. A hybrid manager should foster trust by relying on the professionalism of the employee and balancing support with autonomy.

Promoting Feedback Culture

Regular feedback between managers and teams is fundamental in hybrid management. Celebrating successes, addressing project issues, or defusing potential difficulties are essential for precise mission tracking. Even remotely, these brief moments of sharing promote long-term exchanges. Hybrid teams feel valued and heard. The hybrid manager can “automate” feedback by scheduling several-minute exchanges for each project milestone or significant moment with the concerned teams.

Preventing Isolation

The isolation of employees is arguably the biggest fear for a hybrid manager. In telecommuting, some employees may feel neglected or lost and gradually withdraw from exchanges. Regular feedback helps managers identify these difficulties.

Setting up a hybrid organizational mode must be supported from the outset. Employees who struggle with this change require particular accommodations (extra in-person days, more frequent exchanges, etc.). The goal is to identify problems early and propose solutions. Hybrid management distinguishes itself from classic management by its agility, allowing it to adapt to different profiles, aiming to find the right balance between in-person and remote work for each employee and the best ways to stay connected.

how do you break the isolation of teleworking?

Creating Strong Moments and Team Rituals

The continuity of the office must be ensured regardless of where team members are. Hybrid management helps maintain the thread that binds the team. Establishing rituals and convivial moments creates strong reference points in the team’s life and strengthens bonds.

Rituals can include weekly exchange moments via videoconference to bring the whole team together. Starting with “ice breakers” can energize the group and create a pleasant working atmosphere. These activities help break the ice before a meeting and allow colleagues to get to know each other better. “Serious games” can also be used remotely to work on various themes: team communication, stress management, agility…

Lastly, organizing in-person meetings with cohesion moments (workshops, sports activities) and creativity (brainstorming, manual activities), outside the company, can also be a lever for performance and innovation in hybrid management.

teleworking security

FAQ :

What is Hybrid Management?

Hybrid management blends remote and in-office team management practices, adapting to the needs of employees who switch between both work environments.

What are the key challenges of managing a hybrid team?

Hybrid management can improve the work-life balance of the team, thus enhancing their well-being by promoting trust, flexibility, and agility. It can also increase employee productivity and engagement.

How to build trust in a hybrid work environment?

Trust is built through recognition, delegation of responsibilities, and granting autonomy to employees. Avoiding intrusive management is crucial to prevent stress and burnout.

How to prevent isolation of remote employees?

Regular feedback and frequent interactions are essential. Identifying employees who are struggling and adjusting their working methods can help maintain their integration into the team.

What rituals can strengthen team cohesion in a hybrid context?

Establishing rituals through regular interactions and organizing in-person social activities that foster cohesion and creativity can strengthen bonds among team members.

Read also : How Tixeo has been implementing hybrid management for almost 10 years.

QWL: how do you break the isolation of teleworking?

QWL: how do you break the isolation of teleworking?

Whether imposed or flexible, teleworking can be a difficult experience for employees. Teleworkers may feel isolated from their colleagues and superiors. This major risk has consequences for employees’ well-being and commitment to the company.

 

Facilitating communication

Isolated teleworking inevitably means poor communication. When teleworking, the communication tools deployed must be simple and easy to use, so that employees pick them up quickly. However, this is sometimes not enough.

A simple instant messenger is easy to use, but doesn’t allow you to recreate qualitative interactions. Generally, exchanges are short and limited to questions and answers. Communication is therefore insufficient. Over the long term, the links between employees become weaker.

Full remote: why are team buildind essential?

 

Making the most of videoconferencing

The deployment of videoconferencing tools in companies is now essential for teleworking teams. However, these solutions are still under-utilised. Many employees deactivate their webcams during online meetings and lose the opportunity to interact more effectively with the person they are speaking to. This type of practice leads to a feeling of isolation when teleworking.

 

The importance of non-verbal communication

Non-verbal communication can provide information about a colleague’s emotional or physical state and enable the conversation to be adapted. Body language (facial expressions, movements, posture, etc.) can indicate agitation, apathy or dissatisfaction. The gaze may be shifty or fixed, indicating interest and attention. All these elements contribute to enriching communication and getting the most out of it.

6 questions to ask yourself before starting a videoconference

Setting up rituals

On the other hand, holding a series of videoconference meetings throughout the day can quickly become exhausting for employees and, above all, counter-productive. What’s more, these meetings generally leave little room for informal communication. This does nothing to reduce the feeling of isolation among employees.

To maintain a good team dynamic, certain rituals need to be put in place, such as weekly meetings or short “daily meetings”. These encourage exchanges without taking up too much of the working day. Other, more informal and fun activities can be devised to strengthen team cohesion (online games, challenges, video afterwork, etc.).

The aim is to strengthen links between teams while maintaining autonomy and productivity.

 

 

The virtual open-space to avoid feelings of isolation and strengthen team spirit

On a daily basis at Tixeo, the teams are continuously connected in real time in a virtual open-space, TixeoFusion.

Every morning, employees work together in the same space, working remotely without feeling isolated.

Everyone appears in a video bubble and can work in peace and quiet, surrounded by their colleagues. To exchange views, employees simply click on a colleague’s bubble to switch to a traditional videoconference. The other colleagues can see the bubbles coming closer together, creating a discussion group.

isolement télétravail

Each discussion group is represented by a different colour.

The teleworker is just like being in the office:

  • they can easily share their screen,
  • hold a meeting
  • have an informal chat with a colleague
  • or concentrate on their work while seeing their colleagues.

All this without feeling isolated.

Finally, TixeoFusion also facilitates the exchange of information between all participants, via the integrated instant chat module.

Thanks to the virtual open-space, teleworking employees can easily chat with different teams, which also strengthens cross-functional collaboration.

 

 

Integrating new teleworkers

In teleworking, the arrival of a new employee must be well prepared in order to facilitate their integration into the company.

On the first day, everything must be done to ensure that the newcomer feels welcome and can get to know the teams in place. Support during the first few weeks is crucial to help them take charge of their new role and their place in the organisation. Regular exchanges should be arranged to identify any difficulties at an early stage. A rapid and successful integration of a teleworking employee will limit the risks of isolation.

 

In a recent interview with French Tech Méditerranée, Renaud Ghia, CEO of Tixeo, gives his advice on how to welcome a new 100% teleworking employee.

Raising team awareness

Organisations need to react before a teleworker becomes truly isolated. There are various warning signs: loss of motivation, lack of involvement in meetings, fewer exchanges, etc.

Awareness-raising measures can be put in place within the organisation to prevent isolation while teleworking. In addition, managers need to be trained in these issues so that they can react quickly and support their staff. Regular feedback with their teams is also recommended to detect this type of malaise.

 

 

Monitoring workload and respecting the right to disconnect

Finally, the feeling of isolation when teleworking can also be felt when an employee is overloaded with work. When teleworking, it’s easier to stay at your desk for a few extra hours to finish a task. However, this hyper-connection can have harmful effects on the employee’s health and personal life, and can lead to a feeling of isolation.

Here again, the manager must ensure that the employee’s workload is consistent and that they can disconnect completely after their working day to devote themselves to their family life and leisure activities.

 

How do you encourage team cohesion when you work 100% from home?

white paper on teleworking security

Full remote: why are team buildind essential?

Full remote: why are team buildind essential?

Corporate seminars or team building allow teams to meet face-to-face in a new environment for one or more days, to revitalise the group.

Seminars strengthen team cohesion

Often spread over several cities or countries, fully remote teams only exchange information via videoconferencing and the vast majority of them never meet in person.

However, even if video collaboration tools have a multitude of features to facilitate teamwork, face-to-face meetings remain essential. Indeed, certain informal interactions or team meetings require the physical gathering of employees in order to encourage exchanges and create links.

During team building, certain team strategy games can even help to analyse group dynamics and identify improvements collectively. The result: a boost in individual motivation and collective energy.

A new environment conducive to exchange

Company seminars should be held in a neutral location that is unknown to everyone. Without their usual points of reference, employees will be placed on an equal footing and will feel freer to discuss their tasks and their well-being. They will also be more likely to participate in group activities.

Company seminars teleworking

The choice of venue must also be guided by practicality criteria: it is recommended to choose a place close to all amenities and to facilitate the organisation of the team as much as possible (carpooling, various reservations…), especially if the team building is an adventure.

Team building enhance the company’s culture

By definition, team building must create an event and therefore be rich in activities. It is in the company’s interest to choose them carefully as they will also enhance its internal culture.

Sports activities will work on team spirit and perseverance, while fun activities will encourage employees to let go and encourage moments of exchange. Cultural or creative activities will boost the creativity of the teams and the spirit of innovation.

Diversity of activities

It is highly recommended to alternate between work moments, such as brainstorming and general meetings, and moments of relaxation. The seminar should not be a simple extension of the daily work routine, nor should it be a simple event where teams have fun. There are many benefits to the company culture if the balance between the type of activities offered and the moments of free exchange and work is well maintained.

full remote team building

Team building for the onboarding of employees

When a new employee joins a 100% teleworking team, integration can be long and difficult. Company seminars, organised regularly throughout the year, are a way of introducing newcomers and ensuring that they can meet and talk to each other.

 

Establishing rituals and building loyalty among employees

Team building is a good way of valuing employees by placing them at the heart of the event. It can be interesting to set up rituals such as welcoming newcomers, celebrating the seniority of an employee or the implementation of a project.

Tixeo has been in full remote for 7 years now and organises quarterly seminars for its teams. As Renaud Ghia, President of Tixeo, explains in his interview on the HelloworkPlace website: “We make sure that the date of taking up the post [of newcomers] is close to the next team building event so that they don’t have to wait three months before physically seeing their colleagues! For us, video is for work, face-to-face is for having a good time.”

Company seminars therefore have many benefits for 100% telework collaboration: they maximise the knowledge of the teams, renew the collective dynamic and increase employee loyalty.

Read more

How to facilitate collaboration in a flex office?

How to facilitate collaboration in a flex office?

The standardised office is no longer the norm, but the workspace can now change from one day to the next. This is the principle of the flex office, which has become widespread in companies in recent years with teleworking and hybrid working. Video collaboration tools are a way of guaranteeing the performance and reliability of this new way of working.

The flex office, a new corporate culture

With the development of teleworking, office space is shrinking. Employees are no longer all in the office at the same time, and even less in the same office every day.

The flex office is one response to this. It consists of changing the workspace according to daily tasks and professional or personal constraints.

An employee can thus choose to work from home on Monday, in the company’s coworking room on Tuesday or in a café on Wednesday. The principle is simple: to encourage mobility in order to decompartmentalise employees and make them more responsible. In addition, the flex office, like hybrid working methods, improves work-life balance. A free and happy employee?

A working method favoured by employees

In 2021, a Deskeo survey of nearly 4,000 workers (41% employees, 37% managers and 22% executives) revealed that 55% of them were considering the flex office. These statistics echo the growing need for mobility among employees. Some even push the boundaries by becoming digital nomads.

But flex office, like nomadism, cannot be improvised. These hybrid working methods require support and a certain agility. To facilitate collaboration in the flex office, it is first and foremost necessary to be equipped with video collaboration tools.

Facilitating exchanges

A computer and an Internet connection are enough to go and work by the coffee machine, on a terrace or in a meeting room. However, it is important not to forget to maintain the link with your colleagues. It is this team cohesion that will enable the benefits of the flex office to be reaped. Supporting employees in the good practices of the flex office (working hours and places, installation, equipment, etc.) is therefore necessary, as is maintaining excellent communication.

This is why the deployment of video collaboration tools is essential. The video collaboration solution must be easy to use and bring fluidity in the exchanges. Tixeo offers a video conferencing solution with many collaboration modes (virtual open-space, meeting, conference…). The video adapts to the quality of the user’s network, to guarantee an optimal quality of the discussions.

 

Secure communications

Although they offer the possibility of communicating quickly and efficiently, video collaboration tools must not expose the company to cyber attacks. In fact, in a flex office, employees work in various locations. They exchange company data via video conference which can be listened in on. This tool must therefore have a high level of security to protect these communications.

But today, most video collaboration solutions do not include cybersecurity in their commitments. Their data protection is generally insufficient and many publishers host their data abroad. Companies that use such software can then be confronted with cyber espionage.

Tixeo’s European video collaboration solution is the most secure on the market: it offers end-to-end encryption of communications which eliminates any risk of eavesdropping. No need to censor a sensitive topic during an online meeting, no backdoor can give access to communications.

 

Tixeo is the only video conferencing solution to be certified and qualified by the ANSSI

video collaboration

Accessible to all flex office employees, regardless of where they are located, the chosen video collaboration tool must be the subject of training. This avoids the multiplication of other software that could hinder collaboration.

The Tixeo video collaboration solution is secure by design: security is part of its foundations. Its deployment has no impact on the company’s network security policy. Indeed, only one port needs to be opened to install the solution. This saves time and provides unparalleled reliability.

Return to teleworking: how to get back on a good footing?

Return to teleworking: how to get back on a good footing?

Return to teleworking by Tixeo

FORUM – by Renaud Ghia, Tixeo CEO

By announcing a reconfinement during his speech on Wednesday 28 October, Emmanuel Macron has, in fact, relaunched the massive use of teleworking to fight against the spread of the coronavirus. It is once again compulsory for workers, whether employees or self-employed, who can carry out their activities remotely.

While for some companies the rapid introduction of telework last March was a crash test that they would prefer not to repeat, for others it was a revelation.

At the beginning of the autumn, some companies have indeed decided to extend the experience, on a one-off or regular basis, while 70% of employees preferred or were encouraged to return to the office 5 days out of 5, as shown by the Dares survey published on 26 October 2020, which questioned companies with 10 or more employees in the non-agricultural private sector between 30 September and 13 October 2020, on their situation and the employment conditions of the workforce in September.

For companies that had never teleworked before, this organisation could have been complicated and difficult to set up: equipping employees with remote collaboration tools, organising video conferences, maintaining team cohesion, managing to trust, not controlling too much… so many parameters to take into account for managers who wanted everything to go as smoothly as possible. The priority for the companies was to dematerialise the workspace and make remote collaboration solutions available. Most of them managed to do this with varying degrees of agility, which now allows them to concentrate on managing their teams.

However, the main element that most managers have tended to neglect is that adopting a teleworking organisation requires them to maintain their habits and the daily links that unite the members of a team.

In order to telework effectively without employees losing their bearings, it is essential to continue to apply the rules and habits of the office, especially those related to working hours by inviting them to join and leave a virtual open-space for example, or to connect to their computer at set times as they would do at the office. In this way, the boundary between personal and professional life is respected, while formalising the right to disconnection.

Staying connected to avoid isolation and strengthen team cohesion…

According to an Ifop perception study on the impact of the crisis on all dimensions of occupational health carried out on a representative sample of 3,504 employees of private sector companies from 19 June to 15 July 2020 by Malakoff Humanis’ Comptoir de la nouvelle entreprise, one employee in five declared feeling more isolated during the crisis.

Indeed, many people felt abandoned, demotivated and alone in front of their computers. A single meeting in the morning or evening to take stock of the situation with their team is not enough to maintain team cohesion and only isolates employees the rest of the time; this is the main mistake that most companies have made in the sudden deployment of their teleworking organisation. It is important to maintain continuous contact throughout the day to avoid this feeling of loneliness and maintain a sense of belonging to the group. The company is a place of exchange and social relations that must be preserved in this new organisation, all the more so if teleworking is to be used in the long term.

Just like the coffee break, employees need informal and convivial moments of discussion to motivate and support each other and to maintain a team spirit. A virtual open-space where employees can stay connected and exchange ideas throughout the day is one example of solutions to enable employees to be together, even if they are far away.

…thanks to an adapted and secure video collaboration solution

For some companies, the choice of collaboration tools during containment had to be made in a hurry and without really taking the time to identify their needs and problems. This may, for example, explain the problems of isolation or the computer attacks that have been amplified during this critical period.

In order to regain a feeling close to that provided by a real work environment, it is essential to choose a videoconferencing tool that is reliable, easy to use, simple to deploy, and equipped with numerous collaboration functionalities, such as office and document sharing, file transfer or instant messaging.

The exponential increase in attacks and the bad practices observed in teleworking during containment took most French IT managers by surprise, according to the study “When the World stayed Home” published by Tanium and conducted among more than a thousand managers (CEO, CIO/DSI, CTO) of medium and large companies in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France (250 people) during the weeks of containment at the height of the global pandemic.

The implementation of telework must not hide the risks that this type of collaboration can pose to companies, such as industrial espionage. It is essential to be regularly informed about the protection of one’s information system. When employees are spread out in different locations, security must be optimal and be the subject of particular attention. A secure VPN is essential, as well as a company-specific cloud.

Both for reasons of compliance with the RGPD and for the security of the company and that of its customers, it is advisable to deploy the most reliable and secure solutions on the market, particularly those labelled by the French National Agency for the Security of Information Systems (ANSSI).  Such a strategy offers protection for sensitive data, which represent a prime target for hackers because of their economic value.

Similarly, the confidentiality of communications must not be neglected. Solutions that offer end-to-end encryption of communications (video, audio and data) regardless of the number of employees connected are to be favoured, as they only allow the sender and receiver(s) to decrypt the data without any decryption phase between the correspondents. It must prevent any electronic eavesdropping, including by telecommunications and Internet access providers and even by the publisher of videoconferencing solutions. Thus, no one is able to access the encryption keys needed to decrypt the conversation.

The spring confinement period was an initial test for companies, allowing them to take a step back from the good practices to adopt in such circumstances. Given this experience, they will be able to face the difficult period ahead with more expertise and mastery in the organisation of telework. Once the days are better, it would not be surprising if some of them adopt this model permanently.